However, the proposed water-based battery manufacturing technology will consume more water. Apart from the recycling process, the water footprint for manufacturing a single water-based LIB is 661.22 kg.
Table 1. Material inputs inventory of the proposed water-based LIB pack. Based on our calculation, the cradle-to-grave specific energy consumption of the water-based NMC-G battery pack is 0.976 MJ/km EV driving. Among all the life cycle stages, water-based battery manufacturing consumes 0.094 MJ of energy per km of EV driving.
Water-based LIB pack consumes 4.5% lower specific energy than the conventional one. Water-based pack has 3.0%∼85% reduction in all environmental impact categories. Lithium ion batteries produced using the water-based manufacturing processes, as a greener technology, have great potential to be used in future electric vehicles (EVs).
Although the battery recycling accounts for a small part of the final results, the water-based battery pack has up to 93% lower life cycle impacts than the NMP-based battery pack during the battery recycling. However, the proposed water-based battery manufacturing technology will consume more water.
Energy resources: Water-based battery technology consumes 4.5% less electrical energy compared to conventional batteries over their lifecycle. This efficiency stems from water's low evaporating temperature and the elimination of solvent recovery processes.
Water use during manufacturing is relatively small at this life cycle stage compared to upstream extractive processes and consumes just 7% of the overall embodied water in a lithium-ion battery (Dai et al., 2019).
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The existing process for producing cathode active materials in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and other consumer products results in large quantities of effluent contaminated with sodium sulphate, ammonia, …
Get Price >>Report C 444 Lithium-Ion Vehicle Battery Production – Status 2019 on Energy Use, CO Emissions, Use of Metals, Products Environmental Footprint, and Recycling 7 Abbreviation Phrase and/or Definition ANL Argonne National Laboratory BatPaC Battery Performance and Cost – Argonne National Lab. A model that can quickly
Get Price >>Development of the global demand for LIB and PLIB cells The numbers are based on market demand forecasts for 2021–2030 (refs. 7–9,11,13) and 2030–2040 (refs. 10,12) …
Get Price >>For the electrodes studied herein, in the presence of a 10 vol.% solution of BMI.BF4 in water, current densities (j) in the range 10–42 mA cm−2 were observed, with overall hydrogen production ...
Get Price >>What is a lithium-ion battery? A lithium-ion battery is a rechargable battery that uses lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry. Sony was the first to release commercial lithium-ion batteries in 1991. The battery has one of the highest energy densities of any battery type today.
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Get Price >>Water-based manufacturing of lithium ion battery is developed as an alternative to the conventional NMP-based manufacturing processes and in this study, a novel life cycle …
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Get Price >>Given that the global lithium ion battery production capability is ∼400 GWh, enormous amount of NMP is needed. ... Another 29% of total energy is consumed by the …
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Get Price >>"This new lithium battery economy is changing well-established supply lines and creating a new hierarchy in the value chain, from mine to road." Water Reduction. A third of current lithium production is dependent on salar …
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Get Price >>The cradle-to-grave energy consumption of the studied water-based battery pack is 0.976 MJ/km EV driving, equivalent to a 4.5% reduction over the NMP-based battery …
Get Price >>In terms of CExD at the production stage, the upstream production of the raw and auxiliary materials required for the production of NCM battery packs accounts for the majority proportion, reaching 88.93%, including 64.97% for the preparation of cathode and anode active materials and 18.67% for the metal foils, solvents, and binders required for the production of …
Get Price >>focused on battery production and cathode m aterials production. It provided energy consumption It provided energy consumption comparisons to several other sources (such as Wood et al. (2014) and ...
Get Price >>For the first time the environmental impact of a lab-scale battery production based on process-oriented primary data is investigated. The results are flanked by sensitivity analyses and...
Get Price >>As an estimate, the water-based battery manufacturing processes could consume 8.09 × 10 10 kg of deionized water annually if all EVs employ the water-based battery pack in …
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